What is the term for Piaget's sensorimotor stage in which an infant develops schemes that include deliberate variations of actions that bring about desirable consequences?
a) Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions
b) Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions
c) Substage 4: Coordination of circular reactions
d) Substage 5: Tertiary circular reactions
Answer: d
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In the classic treatment of bedwetting, which aspect of the therapy would be considered the conditioned response?
A. The beep of the pad when moisture strikes it B. The feeling of a full bladder C. Going to the bathroom after the bed becomes wet D. Going to the bathroom before the bed becomes wet
In operant conditioning, ____ increases or decreases the chances that the ____ will occur again.
A. behavior; consequences B. response; stimulus C. reflex; stimulus D. consequences; behavior
What causal inference do subjects make after experience with a zero contingency?
a. none—there is nothing to learna b. the CS predicts the absence of the US c. the CS is irrelevant to the US d. the US predicts the absence of the CS
During a terrorism discussion, high school students comment on and otherwise modify the reasoning expressed by others. This illustrates
a. relational aggression. b. a transactive interaction. c. the "felt responsibility" hypothesis. d. inhibitory control.