In preparing a community teaching program, which information does the nurse plan to present to address secondary cancer prevention?
a. Receiving cancer treatment with chemo-therapy
b. Annual measurement of prostate-specific antigen levels
c. Avoiding known cancer-causing sub-stances or conditions
d. Having adolescent children receive the Gardasil vaccination
B
Secondary prevention focuses on screening and early diagnosis. Annual prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels are a screening tool for prostate cancer. Chemotherapy is tertiary prevention (treat-ment and rehabilitation). Both avoiding carcinogens and receiving the Gardasil vaccination are primary preventions.
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A nurse cares for a middle-aged female client with diabetes mellitus who is being treated for the third episode of acute pyelonephritis in the past year. The client asks, "What can I do to help prevent these infections?" How should the nurse respond?
a. "Test your urine daily for the presence of ketone bodies and proteins." b. "Use tampons rather than sanitary napkins during your menstrual period." c. "Drink more water and empty your bladder more frequently during the day." d. "Keep your hemoglobin A1c under 9% by keeping your blood sugar controlled."
A nursing student is aware of the importance of critical thinking, especially in clinical situations. When applying the principles of critical thinking to a situation, the student should begin by asking,
A) "What did I do the last time I encountered a similar situation?" B) "Why do I need to act in this situation?" C) "What are the consequences of making the wrong decision in this situation?" D) "What are the facts that I know about this situation?"
A nurse frequently looks at her watch when giving a patient a bed bath. The message that is most likely conveyed to the patient is that the nurse:
a. desires to spend more time with the patient. b. is anxious to listen to the patient's concerns. c. is feeling hurried. d. likes her watch.
The client who had a right below-the-knee amputation 2 days ago is requesting pain medication for pain in his right foot. The nurse should
a. administer the prescribed analgesic. b. elevate the stump on pillows and apply ice. c. offer an alternative therapy such as a massage. d. tell the client that he cannot be medicated for pain in the absent foot.