People are aware that they are dreaming and feel as though they are conscious during _______________
a. REM sleep
b. slow-wave sleep
c. lucid dreams
d. latent dreams
Answer: c
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An experimenter collected data on how well a study guide improved grades on an exam taken late in the semester compared to an exam taken early in the semester. Using a related sample means t test, the results showed that later grades were higher than early grades (t(74) = 3.64, p < .05). Which of the following was NOT an advantage of this design?
a. The design controlled for students who did poorly both times. b. The design controlled for extraneous variables like intelligence levels. c. The design controlled for carry-over effects from already having taken one exam when the second exam was administered. d. All of the above are advantages of this design.
Who formulated a theory of evolution similar to Darwin’s at about the same time that Darwin formulated his own theory?
a. Lamarck b. Spencer c. Malthus d. Wallace
Confirmatory reasoning is to disconfirmatory reasoning as ____ is to ____
a. modus ponens; modus tollens b. antecedent; consequent c. independent variable; dependent variable d. consequent; antecedent
People often turn to religion to explain natural disasters. This behavior demonstrates the concept of _________
a. compensatory control b. learned helplessness c. coping d. resilience