Name and describe Likert’s four systems of management. Which, according to Likert, is the best way to manage and why?
What will be an ideal response?
System 1 is autocratic management. Decisions flow from the top down, and power is exercised exploitatively. System 2 is benevolent autocracy. It is not exploitative but is still a top-down system in which management knows best and promises to take care of employees as long as they do their jobs. System three is consultative management: managers ask their people for their opinions, ideas, and suggestions but reserve the right to make the final decisions. System 4 is participative management: decisions that involve policy and affect a large number of people are made in groups by consensus. System 4 is the best way to manage, according to Likert, because his research showed that employees said system 4 would be their ideal system and that using this system would improve employee motivation.
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Which of the following is a difference between verbal communication and a metacommunication??
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Which of the following is an intermittent scheduling pattern that alternates periods of advertising with periods of no advertising?
A. succession B. roadblocking C. flighting D. bursting E. flashing
In an analysis of variance where the total sample size for the experiment is nT and the number of populations is k, the mean square due to error is
a. SSE/(nT - k). b. SSTR/(nT - k). c. SSE/(k - 1). d. SSTR/k.