Which of the following is a provision of the federal Child Pornography Protection Act of 1996 that the Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional?
a. The definition of child pornography includes wholly artificial images, entirely created through virtual, as opposed to actual, children.
b.Mandatory life sentences shall be imposed on offenders involved in a sex offense against a minor if such offender has had a prior conviction of abuse against a minor.
c.States may not enact blanket prohibitions against visualizations of children engaged in sexual situations.
d. The federal government is empowered to establish a phony child porn Web site in order to entrap pedophiles.
a
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In a study published by the Police Executive Research Form (PERF), researchers claimed that college should be made a requirement for all new police recruits
A. True B. False
Edith has been given the task by her supervising attorney of drafting a separation agreement for their client. She's never done one before. Which of the following would not necessarily be a credible source of reliable, useful information?
A. Jurisdictional practice manuals B. Loose-leaf publications specializing in family law C. The law office hard copy or electronic form files D. Online searches for "separation agreements"
Which of the following is not a criticism of radical-critical criminology?
a. It emphasizes socialized forms of government activity . b. It focuses almost exclusively on methods of social change rather than on well-developed theory. c. It fails to recognize the existence of a fair degree of consensus about the nature of crime. d. Issues of personal politics are frequently confused with social reality.
A return to criminal behavior is the definition of:
A. return activity. B. jailing. C. recidivism. D. failure. E. parole.