A patient is being evaluated for a possible diagnosis of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Which nursing assessment findings support this diagnosis? Select all that apply
a. Patient states, "I've had these fears for more than 6 years."
b. Patient describes having a "panic attack" several times a month.
c. Patient is embarrassed by the limitations the disorder causes.
d. Stated, "I never even think about going shopping in a crowded mall."
e. Condition began after beginning treatment for a chronic intestinal problem.
ANS: A, B, C, D
To meet the first DSM-IV-TR criterion for panic disorder with agoraphobia, the person must experience recurrent, unexpected panic attacks, with at least one attack followed by one of the following for a month: (1) persistent concern about having additional attacks; (2) worry about the implications of the panic attacks; or (3) a significant change in behavior as a result of the attacks. The second criterion is that the individual experiences agoraphobia. Agora-phobic fears typically involve being in a crowd. The third criterion is that the person avoids agoraphobic situations or has anxiety about having a panic attack. This person will not go to an area or event where he or she has experienced an agoraphobic reaction. The fourth criteri-on states that panic attacks are not caused by the direct effects of a substance, a medication, or a medical condition.
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