Which of the following everyday examples would be most similar to the research findings on visual images and interference?
a. When you form a visual image of a friend's face, you have difficulty seeing a faint visual stimulus.
b. When you form a visual image of a friend's face, you are faster at identifying his or her voice.
c. A visual image will enhance your ability to see a faint visual stimulus, but it will reduce your ability to hear a faint auditory stimulus.
d. When you form an auditory image of a doorbell ringing, you will be better at detecting a tone of a similar pitch; in contrast, you will be worse at detecting a tone that is at least an octave higher or lower.
Ans: a
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Which of the following statements is true of the study that compared European and Asian Americans who were depressed with nondepressed people from the same cultural backgrounds, to gauge their emotional reactions to happy and sad films?
a) The results showed that there were no differences between depressed and nondepressed individuals when watching the happy film. b) Depressed European Americans showed more emotional expression when watching the sad film than nondepressed European Americans. c) Depressed Asian Americans show less emotional expression when watching the sad film than nondepressed Asian Americans. d) The researchers concluded that depression has no effect on emotional expression.
Penelope tends to be hostile and angry much of the time. She recently had an argument with her best friend, Daisy. Daisy, who is more easygoing, is wary about bringing up the debated subject again, even after a significant period of time has elapsed. Daisy probably recognizes that a. Penelope has a strong fight-or-flight response. b. Penelope, because of her hostile nature, will exhibit
intense reactions long after the argument by just beingreminded of it. c. Penelope, because she is high in hostility is likely to remember events in ways that minimize her anger. d. Penelope has the three most important risk factors for coronary heart disease.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Primary appraisal involves determining if a stimulus is a threat or a challenge. 2. Both challenges and threats are stressors that increase heart rate. 3. The body responds differently to stress depending on whether the stressor is perceived as a threat or a challenge. 4. Threats, but not challenges, increase the constriction of blood vessels. 5. Something as innocuous as having a conversation with a person of another race has been shown to produce posttraumatic stress disorder in some individuals.
At a recent family reunion, the Boltinis were all told to wear a red, white, and green shirt to show their Italian pride. The few people who did not wear such shirts stood out from the group. This occurred because of what grouping principle?
A. Proximity B. Closure C. Similarity D. Continuity