The first recorded example of operant conditioning involved a mule who would submerge itself while carrying bags of salt to lighten its load. This best illustrates
a. positive reinforcement.
b. negative reinforcement.
c. positive punishment/punishment by application.
d. negative punishment/omission training.
Ans: b
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Describe the four spatial norms observed in North America, and explain how these can affect our interactions with people from other cultures
What will be an ideal response?
What is spatial summation?
A. the ability to pool light across different regions of space B. the ability to resolve light to particular locations in the visual world C. the process of adapting sensitivity to match visual conditions D. the process of adapting focus based on physical distance
In Kelly's theory, people are more likely to experiment with new constructs when
A) they are threatened. B) they are in love. C) they are not threatened. D) they are angry.
Kelly found that Freudian therapy was effective when
A) a client believed it would be effective. B) used in conjunction with behavior therapy. C) dream analysis was avoided. D) used as Erikson used it.