Which court case ruled that the highest standard of proof, “beyond a reasonable doubt,” needed to be used in juvenile proceedings to protect juveniles from the possibility of undeserved confinement in a juvenile institution?
a. In re Winship
b. In re Gault
c. McKeiver vs Pennsylvania
d. Kent vs United States
a. In re Winship
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Among the forms of policing in Europe existing prior to the formation of the London Metropolitan Police included which of the following?
a. Constables. b. Sheriffs. c. Vigiles. d. All of the above e. a and c only
Three categories of torts generally cover most of the lawsuits filed against criminal justice practitioners
_____________, _____________, and _________________torts. Fill in the blanks with correct word
When a researcher wants to use a photograph of an individual in a private moment, the researcher should:
a. Use the photograph even if the individual refuses to give informed consent. b. Use the photograph and hope that the individual does not see it. c. Obtain informed consent from the individual to use the photograph. d. A researcher would only need to obtain informed consent if the individual was from a vulnerable population (e.g., child or inmate).
What is the total world prison population according to Walmsley (2009):
a. 24,000,000; b. 11,000,000; c. 10,000,000; d. 40,000,000.