When Franz was young his father would beat him. Franz is now stronger than his father and could stop the beatings; however, Franz simply curls up into a ball and lets his father beat him. This might be an example of ______________
A) masochism
B) learned helplessness
C) a pessimistic response pattern
D) negative affectivity
Answer: B
Rationale: This finding was described as learned helplessness—an acquired suppression of avoidance or escape behavior in response to unpleasant, uncontrollable circumstances. Franz's behavior is similar to the dogs used in Seligman's famous experiment.
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Fill in the missing words using the options given. Methodological problems exist within many RCTs that compare NRT to (2) ______. This is because smokers in the (3) ______ condition can detect that they are not receiving any (4) ______ (Mooney, White, & Hatsukami, 2004; Polito, 2008). Dar, Stronguin and Etter (2005) found that (5) ______ group members were 3.3 times more likely to correctly guess that they had received placebo than to incorrectly guess that they had received nicotine (54.5% v. 16.4%). If the trials in a RCT are not (6) ______, the findings give a misleading picture of treatment effectiveness. Which word is a best fit?
A. nicotine B. control C. double blind D. placebo
Which of these best illustrates a contingency?
a) food is given without a tone sounding b) a tone is always sounded before food is given c) a tone is sounded before and after food is given d) a tone is sometimes sounded before food is given
A __________ test is an assessment technique that studies personality through use of a relatively unstructured stimulus, task, or situation such as the "draw-a-person" task
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
In selecting representative samples, the technique that specifies that the sampling frame is broken up into sub-groups before random selections are made is known as
a. simple random sampling. b. stratified random sampling. c. cluster sampling. d. nonprobability sampling.