The nurse is aware that to maintain fluid balance between the intracellular and extracellular compartments:
a. there is a constant exchange of water between the compartments
b. the hypothalamus sends each compartment messages regarding the need for retaining or releasing fluid to the cells
c. the kidneys retain and excrete fluid as needed for fluid balance
d. the lymph nodes throughout the body regulate fluid balance
A
The proportions of extracellular and intracellular fluid vary with age. The balance of fluid between plasma and interstitial fluid is regulated by hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) and osmotic pressure. If the intracellular fluid becomes hypertonic in relation to the extracellular fluid, water moves by osmosis from the extracellular fluid into the cell to restore balance. If the intracellular fluid becomes hypotonic in relation to the extracellular fluid, the process just described is reversed, resulting in a constant exchange between the compartments.
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