Vertical transmission include all of the following routes EXCEPT:

A. Transplacental
B. Contracting the microbe during childbirth
C. Viral DNA sequence found in the parental genome
D. breast milk
E. ingestion of infected milk formulae


Ans: E. ingestion of infected milk formulae

Biology & Microbiology

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The human spine acts like a weight-bearing column. Compare this to the spine of a horse, which acts like an elastic suspension bridge. Which organism would you predict to experience more back pain and why?

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Which parts of the atoms interact in a chemical reaction?

A) protons B) neutrons C) ions D) electrons E) isotopes

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Nitrogen fixing bacteria are parasitic and will almost always kill the host plant

A. True B. False

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