Which actions by the nurse demonstrate clinical reasoning? (Select all that apply.)
a. Basing decisions on intuition
b. Considering alternative action
c. Using formal and informal thinking to gather data
d. Giving deliberate thought to a patient's problem
e. Developing an outcome focused on optimum patient care
ANS: B, C, D, E
Clinical reasoning is a cognitive process that uses formal and informal thinking to gather and analyze patient data, evaluate the significance of the information, and consider alternative actions. Clinical reasoning is a complex developmental process based on rational and deliberate thought and developing an outcome focused on optimum patient care. Clinical reasoning is based on the scientific method of inquiry; it is not based solely on intuition.
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