Which of the following are characteristics of nonopioid drugs? (Select all that apply.)
a. They work in the central nervous system.
b. They have a ceiling effect.
c. They work peripherally.
d. They produce tolerance.
e. They are used for acute and chronic pain.
f. They can be safely increased to treat increasing pain.
ANS: B, C, E
Nonopioids are peripheral agents that have a ceiling effect and are effective for acute and chronic pain. Opioids work in the central nervous system (CNS), produce tolerance, and can be safely increased to treat increasing pain.
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