Lifestyle theory focuses more on:
a. The lifestyle of the criminal.
b. The lifestyle of society at large.
c. The lifestyle of the victim.
d. Changes in lifestyle over time.
Answer: c
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It is difficult, if not impossible, to establish a spurious relationship between an independent and dependent variable in a nonexperimental research design.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The concept of _________ focuses on the nature of the criminal act alone.
A. deterrence B. incapacitation C. rehabilitation D. retribution
CASE 8.3 For most Americans, the judge is the symbol of justice. Of all the actors in the criminal justice process, the public holds the judge most responsible for ensuring that the system operates fairly and impartially. And most certainly the trappings of office-the flowing black robes, the gavel, and the command "All rise!" when the judge enters the courtroom-reinforce this mystique. As important as these symbols are, they sometimes raise obstacles to understanding what judges actually do and how they influence the criminal justice process. The formal powers of judges extend:
A. throughout the criminal court process. B. from arrest throughout the criminal court process. C. from the time an offender commits a crime to prison. D. None of these answers is correct.
Which of the following includes a brief incarceration followed by community supervision?
a. Shock probation/parole b. Shock incarceration c. Dynamic shock program d. None of the above