Choose one of the following: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, the Epicureans, or the stoics. Explain how their ideas about the good life laid the groundwork for contemporary theories of happiness, well-being, and life satisfaction.
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Socrates believed that happiness could be achieved only through self-knowledge and that only this examination of the soul was true wisdom. He distrusted perceptual forms of knowledge; he believed conclusions based on sensory experiences of emotions cannot reveal the truth because they are constantly changing. Plato also believed that changeable sensory experiences could not be the basis for wisdom. He believed that those who undertake the quest for wisdom must have the courage to find the truth hidden beneath superficial appearances. For Aristotle, the idea was poise, harmony, and the avoidance of emotional extremes. He believed that emotions should be tamed “by rigorous self-discipline.” The epicureans believed that happiness is achieved by withdrawing from the work of politics to lead a life of quiet existence of moderate pleasures. The stoics believed that wealth, happiness, love, and admiration are subject to change. Therefore, a person should not base their happiness on them. He believed one should accept their place in the divine plan--a common theme in several religions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: A Short History of Well-Being in the Western World
Difficulty Level: Medium
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