Identify the rule(s) that was/were correctly applied in producing this cladogram.
A. All of the answer choices are correct.
B. Derived characters, proposed to have developed after common ancestry, were tallied for each species (group).
C. Species (groups) pairs that shared most derived characters were shown to branch from common ancestors at nodes.
D. Nodes and branches interpreted as more recently derived from common ancestors were shown farther from the root.
E. Coelophysis (at top) was selected as an outgroup representative, sharing all features assumed to be ancestral.
A. All of the answer choices are correct.
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a. peptide hormones and steroid hormones b. steroid hormones and neurotransmitters c. neurotransmitters and vitamins d. growth hormones and vitamins e. peptide hormones and neurotransmitters
Micro RNAs (miRNAs)
a. are short sequences only 22 or so bases long. b. are noncoding RNA sequences that bind to a protein complex. c. can regulate mRNA translation by cleaving the mRNA. d. can prevent translation of its target mRNA by blocking the ribosome. e. all of these
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A. stomata
B. mesophyll cells
C. air spaces
D. stromata
E. outer epidermis cells
How many thoracic vertebrae are in the spinal column?
a. 5 b. 7 c. 12 d. 4 e. 15