Who were the winners and losers of the wars of the 1760s and 1770s?
What will be an ideal response?
Answers will vary. When the Seven Years' War ended in 1763, there were clear winners and losers. In central Europe, Frederick II was a winner; Silesia was never returned to Austria. Nevertheless, Prussia's finances and military were under much strain, to the point of potentially dissolving their entire kingdom. In 1762, Frederick was saved when the pro-German emperor Peter III broke Russia's alliance with Austria and signed a peace with Prussia.After 1763, Prussia chose to pursue more peaceful means for gaining territory, such as joining with Austria and Russia in 1772 to partition Poland and finally link Prussia with Brandenburg.Austria, on the other hand was a loser. Silesia's loss inspired in Maria Theresa a frenzy of state-building. She founded a military academy, introduced advanced drill and maneuvering techniques, and expanded the government's ability to house and supply its troops. To pay for reform, she overhauled the state's tax structure. Maria Teresa's reforms did not help her in the Seven Years' War, but did lead to the prosperity of the peasants and the better treatment of the Serfs. In 1763, at the end of the Seven Years' War, Britain was also a winner; France a loser. British victories drove the French off the North American mainland. Britain also secured its predominant place in India.
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