According to Piaget, at which of the following ages do individuals typically reach the stage of formal operations, and thereby substantially complete their cognitive development?
a. at age 12
b. at age 25
c. at age 55
d. at age 75
a
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Sampling bias is a problem because it
a. limits the generality of the findings. b. makes it impossible to use inferential statistics. c. makes it difficult to avoid a confounding of variables. d. makes the effect of the independent variable appear to be bigger than it really is.
Dr. Holt is working with a client named Sam who has suffered tremendous sexual abuse during his childhood. As they begin to talk about some of the incidences of abuse, Sam suddenly changes his entire demeanor, shrinking back in his chair and using a little girl's voice who says, "Sam can't talk to you about that. If you want that information, you will have to come to me." Sam may have
a. dissociative amnesia. b. dissociative fugue. c. depersonalization/derealization disorder. d. dissociative identity disorder.
According to Piaget, from the age of 11 through adulthood individuals are in the:
a. sensorimotor period of development b. preoperational period of development c. formal operational period of development d. concrete operational period of development
Cognitive therapies are based on the assumption that psychological disorders primarily result from:
a. unconscious impulses and memories b. discrepancies between an individual's self-concept and his or her everyday experiences c. irrational beliefs and negative thoughts d. unwanted or maladaptive behaviors