Explain the categories of white-collar crime as outlined by Payne.
What will be an ideal response?
Crimes by workers in sales-oriented occupations—include crimes by retail workers, restaurant employees, automobile mechanics, insurance sales people, and so on. The employee’s job centers around selling goods or services, and while their offenses may center around the act of selling items and ripping off consumers; in other instances, the offenses include crimes against the employer (retail theft, stealing food in restaurants, etc.).
Crimes in the health-care system—include crimes by doctors, nurses, pharmacists, employees of hospitals, nursing home employees, and other employees in the health-care industry. Whereas some of these offenses target patients receiving care (e.g., theft from patients and patient abuse), others target the insurance system (e.g., Medicaid and Medicare fraud and insurance fraud).
Crimes in the criminal justice system—include crimes by police officers, prosecutors, judges, defense attorneys, and corrections employees. Examples include corruption, bribery, collusion with offenders, theft from offenders, and so on.
Crimes in the political system—include crimes by local, state, and federal government officials such as bribery, corruption, and engaging in unethical activities. Researchers have also discussed khaki-collar crime (crimes by members of the military that are handled as military crimes) and state crime (crimes by governments) as examples of crime in the political system.
Crimes in the religious system—include both financial and physical offenses perpetrated by church officials against members of their church. Not all criminologists agree that crimes by priests, such as the widespread child sexual abuse scandal in the Catholic church, should be categorized as white-collar crime.
Crimes in the educational system—include crimes by professors, college employees, and college students that are committed as part of their college duties. Examples include plagiarism, sexual harassment, financial offenses, and academic dishonesty.
Crimes in the economic system—include crimes by stockbrokers, financial advisors, investors, and others working in the economic system. Examples include insider trading, manipulating the stock market, and Ponzi/pyramid schemes. These crimes can damage the faith that members of the society have in our economic system.
Crimes in the technological crime—include computer crimes and other technological crimes that are not included in the other categories. Examples include computer embezzlement, unauthorized access to different servers, virus introduction, software crimes, and Internet crimes.
Crimes in the housing system—include crimes by those in the banking system and those who rent houses/apartments to renters. Examples include mortgage fraud and slumlord offenses. These crimes can have a serious effect on the community, including health consequences, financial consequences, decreased property values, and dehumanization of those exposed to shoddy living conditions.
Corporate crime—includes crimes by corporations.
Environmental crime—refers to instances where workers or businesses engage in illegal behaviors that harm the environment or animals in the environment. Examples include air pollution, water pollution, illegal disposal of hazardous waste, and crimes at zoos. The consequences of environmental crime can lead to serious physical harms for those humans and animals exposed to the harmful practices.
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There are several different styles of policing. List and define two of the styles and compare and contrast their styles. Which style best fits, in your opinion, correct police work in today's society?
What will be an ideal response?
The good-faith exception may allow evidence obtained through an illegal search to be admitted at trial.
A. True B. False
Organized crime attempts to neutralize________ and political systems through corruption, bribery, and coercion.
Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
Most law enforcement first responders are limited in their ability to handle a hazardous materials incident because they lack
a. understanding of the political hazard(s). b. proper safety equipment. c. training in recognition of hazardous materials. d. knowledge of the extent of damage the components can cause to the environment.