The goldenrod gall fly lays its eggs on the terminal buds of goldenrod plants

Larvae chew
through the buds and into the stems, where their saliva induces the plant to generate a gall,
or outgrowth of tissue that then provides food and shelter for the developing larva. The larvae
are prey to both parasitoid wasps and to birds; wasps selectively prey on larvae inside the
smallest galls while birds selectively prey on larvae inside the largest galls. Goldenrod gall
flies are therefore subject to
A. balancing selection.
B. stabilizing selection.
C. directional selection.
D. disruptional selection.
E. heterozygote advantage.


B

Biology & Microbiology

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