Psychology is different from the fields of history, law, and business because psychology relies on which of the following to answer questions about behavior?
a. anecdotal evidence
b. scientific observations
c. commonsense reasoning
d. direct philosophic inquiry
B
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One step used in behavior therapy for treating pedophiles and rapists involves the ____
a. need to relax when deviant stimuli are presented b. focus on cultural bias in favor of the independent male c. individual's underlying needs for power and control d. extinction of sexual responses to deviant stimuli
What was learned from John Watson's "Little Albert" study?
A. Fear can be learned via classical conditioning, and that fear can be generalized. B. It is important to ignore the consideration of a child's mental health as long as the research is important enough. C. Fear can be learned via classical conditioning, but cannot be generalized. D. Fear can be learned via operant conditioning, but cannot be extinguished.
To reduce Mary Ann's fear of birds, a behavior therapist had her relax and think of a bird. Then she showed Mary Ann a picture of some birds, after which they both watched the Hitchcock movie about birds. After a few sessions, she took Mary Ann to the aviary. This is an example of what type of behavior therapy?
a. systematic desensitization c. higher-order conditioning b. flooding d. aversion conditioning
According to Ericsson and Charness, the two dominant approaches to the study of expertise are
a. the information processing approach and the associationist approach. b. the knowledge approach and the operational approach. c. the genetic approach and the environmental approach. d. the information processing approach and the ability approach.