Select interventions that may be included during "terminal weaning" include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
a. Complete extubation following ventilator withdrawal
b. Discontinuation of artificial ventilation but maintenance of the artificial airway
c. Discontinuation of anxiolytic and pain medications
d. Titration of ventilator support based upon blood gas determinations
e. Titration of ventilator support to minimal levels based upon patient assessment of comfort
A, B, E
"Terminal weaning" may include titration of ventilator support to minimal levels, removal of the ventilator with maintenance of the artificial airway, and complete extubation. Pain and anxiolytic medications may be required to control dyspnea and anxiety that may accompany ventilator withdrawal. Blood gas determinations would be used in therapeutic ventilator management.
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