Oxpeckers have long been thought to have a mutualistic relationship with cattle in Zimbabwe, whereby the birds remove ticks from the backs of cattle, and the cattle benefit due to the removal of parasitic ticks

The observational experiments of Weeks (2000 ) in Zimbabwe demonstrated that the relationship between oxpeckers and cattle was not mutualistic, but in fact parasitic. What two oxpecker behaviors did Weeks observe?


Weeks observed a parasitic relationship, where oxpeckers create open wounds in the cattle's skin and feed on the blood from these wounds; additionally, the oxpeckers feed on the cattle's earwax.

Biology & Microbiology

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Do individuals change when natural selection occurs? Why or why not?

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Biology & Microbiology

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Biology & Microbiology