How do summative and formative assessments differ, and how might each type of assessment be of use to an action researcher?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Summative assessments provide a picture of student achievement after some aspect of the teaching and learning process has been completed, whereas formative assessments are given while teaching and learning are ongoing. An action researcher might use summative assessment data to draw conclusions about the final impact of a teaching strategy on student achievement, whereas formative data might be more useful in determining what kinds of adjustments could be made to improve achievement while instruction is still ongoing.
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Coordination and quality communication are essential during teamwork because
a. If team members work at cross-purposes it can undermine effectiveness. b. It is confusing to children when adults contradict each other. c. Consistency is very important in programs, especially when children with exceptionalities are included. d. All of the above.
Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
. Data mining is considered more costly and obtrusive than other methods of data collecting.
Which of the following is not an important print concept to teach young children?
A. capital and lowercase letters B. difference between print and pictures C. left-to-right progression of print D. i before e, except after c
Which type of behavior assessment relies on pencil-on-paper, self-report measures?
A. behavioral observation B. behavior rating scales C. sociograms D. self-concept inventories