What are the two types of assessment approaches? Describe features of each
What will be an ideal response?
Teachers use two kinds of assessment to measure their students' progress toward the achievement of the state standards: ongoing and on demand.
Ongoing assessment makes heavy use of systematic observation and the collection of samples of children's work. Teachers can observe and then write anecdotal notes, document vignettes, and use checklists to record data.
On-demand or standardized assessments use carefully scripted procedures so that the conditions and directions are always the same whenever the test is administered. Each student taking the test hears the same directions, is given the same test items, and has the same amount of time. This "standardization" helps to increase the reliability of the assessment.
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How can socialization skills best be taught to children with IDD?
a. Directly in the settings in which they occur b. Generally, so children will be able to transfer them from one setting to another c. Through constant drill and role-playing d. Through occasional drill
With additional modeling and several more examples, Emma gradually developed an understanding of the process of adding fractions with unlike denominators and was then able to solve problems on her own. Of the following, how would a cognitive constructivist interpret Emma's development?
a. Emma's increased understanding was a direct result of the social interaction between her, Ava, and her classmates. b. Emma's equilibrium was disrupted as a result of Ava's explanation and modeling, and, individually, she reestablished it when she learned the procedure for adding fractions with unlike denominators. c. When Emma was eventually able to add fractions with unlike denominators, she received positive reinforcers for getting the correct answers, and as a result of the reinforcement, she continued to answer correctly. d. Ava developed a community of learners in her classroom, and the influence of the learning community helped Emma learn the procedure for adding fractions with unlike denominators.
Research shows that rats raised in complex or social environments have:
a. more complex neuronal structure. b. lesions in Broca's area. c. greater brain vascularization. d. superior intrapersonal intelligence.
Successful assessment and evaluation in literacy depend considerably on the tools teachers use. These tools can be called tests, but teacher tests can vary and have a range of formats. A test is valid if it measures what it claims to measure and does the task for which it is intended. Which type of validity is best defined by this statement?
a. construct validity b. face validity c. content validity d. reliable validity