A nurse is caring for a patient from a different culture than the nurse. The patient complains of abdominal pain due to an acute exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. The nurse asks the patient, "What treatment do you think would be helpful,
and what do you hope you will gain from the treatment?" What conceptual framework or theory is the nurse demonstrating?
1. Leininger's sunrise enabler model
2. Leininger's transcultural nursing theory
3. Campinha-Bacote's conceptual framework
4. Giger and Davidhizar's transcultural assessment model
Answer: 3
Explanation: Campinha-Bacote emphasizes that cultural competence is a process rather than an endpoint and requires five elements: awareness, knowledge, skill, encounters, and desire. Asking the patient what kind of treatment he or she thinks would be helpful and what the patient hopes to experience from treatment utilizes Campinha-Bacote's idea of cultural awareness. Leininger's sunrise enabler model depicts the interrelationships among world view; the dimensions of cultural and social structures; and the influences on care expressions, patterns and practices, and holistic health/illness/death within the contexts of folk care, nursing care, and general professional care. Leininger's transcultural nursing theory defines a caring practice as one that helps individuals achieve health. Giger and Davidhizar's transcultural assessment model specifies six dimensions of culture that are essential in nursing assessment, with an underlying assumption that every patient is culturally unique.
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