For Estes, the primary mechanism of punishment is ______.
A. response competition
B. competition of motives
C. inconsistent thoughts
D. negative reinforcement
B. competition of motives
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In reviewing hospital security tapes, several parents are observed trying to do physical harm to their children. These parents may be diagnosed with ________, a rare mental disorder in which parents fabricate or induce illness or injury in their children
a. child abuse syndrome b. schizophrenia c. psychopathy d. Munchausen-by-proxy syndrome
_____ is more robust in North Americans relative to Eastern cultures.
A) The sunk-cost fallacy B) The conjunction fallacy C) Optimism bias D) Availability bias
The lock and key theory is used to explain
a. how we experience pain. b. color vision. c. olfaction. d. the vestibulary sense.
Regarding counterirritation, which of the following statements is FALSE?
a. The lock and key theory helps explain counterirritation. b. Applying mild electric currents to the skin can alleviate pain or reduce more agonizing pain. c. For more extreme pain, an electric current is applied directly to the spinal cord. d. If you pinch yourself while you are having a tooth filled, you are using counterirritation.