A nursing student is caring for a hospitalized child who has hypotonic dehydration. The nursing instructor asks the student to describe this type of dehydration
The instructor determines that the nursing student understands the physiology associated with this type of dehydration if the student states which of the following? 1. "It causes the serum sodium level to rise above 150 mEq/L."
2. "It occurs when the loss of electrolytes is greater than the loss of water."
3. "It occurs when the loss of water is greater than the loss of electrolytes."
4. "It occurs when water and electrolytes are lost in approximately the same propor-tion as they exist in the body."
2
Rationale: Hypotonic dehydration occurs when the loss of electrolytes is greater than the loss of water; in this type of dehydration, the serum sodium level is less than 130 mEq/L. Isotonic de-hydration occurs when water and electrolytes are lost in approximately the same proportion as they exist in the body. In this type of dehydration, the serum sodium levels remain normal (135 to 145 mEq/L). "It causes the serum sodium level to rise above 150 mEq/L" and "It occurs when the loss of water is greater than the loss of electrolytes" describe hypertonic dehydration.
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