The Internal Revenue Service threatens Chloe with a penalty if she fails to pay her back taxes. She pays, and the threat is withdrawn. In the future, she is more prompt in meeting her obligation. This is an example of the use of __________ to control behavior.
A. positive reinforcement
B. negative reinforcement
C. positive punishment
D. negative punishment
Answer: B
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From an evolutionary perspective, why is the conscious awareness of ongoing sensations advantageous for animals?
a. ?It enables animals to have a sense of mortality and a strong will to pass on their genes. b. ?It facilitates the development of complex motor and sensory control. c. ?It allows animals to respond instinctively to oncoming threats. d. ?It provides the opportunity to choose responses rather than to respond instinctively.
The earlier toddlers __________, the sooner they produce two-word utterances at the end of the second year
A) babble B) coo C) form word–gesture combinations D) play peekaboo
Which of the following statements about gender and ethnicity in the workplace is true?
A) Inequalities in promotion become less pronounced over time. B) Women who are promoted usually attain the most prestigious high-level management jobs. C) The glass ceiling is a phenomenon of the past in the United States. D) Women who demonstrate leadership qualities encounter prejudice because they deviate from traditional gender roles.
Erikson’s widow, Joan Erikson, suggested an additional stage of psychosocial development called __________
A) gerotranscendence B) disengagement C) body differentiation D) reminiscence