How do the three main sociological paradigms approach the study of deviance?
Please provide the best answer for the statement.
1. Structural functionalism: The main approaches here include Durkheim’s view that
deviance is normal and positive in society and Merton’s strain theory, which argues that
when individuals cannot meet their goals through traditional means (strain), they turn to
deviant means. These approaches focus on the structure of society and how it impacts
deviance.
2. Symbolic interactionism: This approach looks at interactions and how they influence
deviance. There are two main branches: learning theory and labeling theory. Learning
theory argues that individuals learn norms of deviance (differential association) or
conformity (social control) from others. Labeling theory argues that those with power in
society designate which actions will be deemed deviant, often targeting the already
marginalized.
3. Conflict theory: This approach furthers labeling theory by examining how those in power
use institutions such as the law to create labels of deviance.
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