Discuss the role of neurotransmitters and negative cognitions in the etiology and treatment of depression.
What will be an ideal response?
Sample Answer: Low levels of depression in relation to norepinephrine and dopamine are thought to be related to the etiology of depression. The permissive hypothesis argues that when serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitters are permitted to range more widely and so become deregulated. Negative thoughts or attributions about themselves, the immediate world, and the future are characteristic of depressed individuals.Antidepressant medications (SSRIs, MOA inhibitors, and tricyclics) can effectively treat depression but may take several weeks to work, and symptoms may reappear when the medication is continued. Cognitive-based treatments take longer to work but can be instrumental in limiting later depression. The combination of both is often the most effective treatment.
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The discussion in Chapter 13 emphasized that the abuse of women
a. is now only 20% as common as it was in 1990. b. is no more common than the abuse of men. c. is much more common in Black and Latina/o families than in Asian American and European American families. d. is not limited to low-income families.
Hall believed that each individual in his or her lifetime reenacted all of the evolutionary stages of the human species. What is this idea called??
a. ?recapitulation theory b. ?parapsychology c. ?reciprocal antagonism d. ?sociobiological determinism
Research shows that __________ heighten(s) the chances of reporting false items consistent with the fuzzy meaning of an experience
A) autobiographical narratives B) theory of mind C) gists D) infantile amnesia
According to the studies in mice, what effect did sleep deprivation have on them?
A. There was no effect on the neurons. B. The neurons started behaving erratically. C. The growth of new neurons was inhibited. D. The growth of neurons increased.