The client receiving an intravenous infusion of morphine sulfate begins to experience respiratory depression and decreased urine output. This effect is described as:
1. Therapeutic
2. Toxic
3. Idiosyncratic
4. Allergic
ANS: 2
Toxic levels of morphine may cause severe respiratory depression. Toxic effects may develop af-ter prolonged intake of a medication or when a medication accumulates in the blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion. The client with a decreased urine output is not excreting the morphine. The therapeutic effect is the expected or predictable physiological response a medica-tion causes. Respiratory depression and decreased urine output are not the desired (i.e., therapeu-tic) effects of morphine.
An idiosyncratic effect is when a medication causes an unpredictable outcome, such as when a client overreacts or underreacts to a medication. This is not an example of an idiosyncratic effect.
When a client experiences an allergic response to a medication, the medication acts as an antigen, triggering the release of the body's antibodies. The client may experience itching, urticaria, or a rash, or, in more severe cases, may have difficulty breathing. The client's response to morphine is not an example of an allergic effect.
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