In Robinson v. California (1962), the U.S. Supreme Court, relying on the __________ Clause of the 8th Amendment as it applies to the states via the 14th Amendment, struck down a state law that made it a crime for a person to be "addicted to the use of narcotics."

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word


Cruel and Unusual Punishments

Criminal Justice

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The majority of religiously biased hate crime that come to the attention of police are:

A. Property offenses B. Violent crimes C. Vandalism D. Arson

Criminal Justice

A non-invasive pat down search of a subject is also known as a __________

Fill in the blank(s) with correct word

Criminal Justice

A relatively constant theme in corrections over the past few centuries has been ______.

a. the importance of money in decision making b. separation of church and state c. a decreasing sense of compassion impacting reform decisions d. public apathy regarding the punishment of crimes

Criminal Justice

Those who are ready to sacrifice their lives are able to perpetrate every conceivable crime because they lack

a. a fundamental understanding of reality. b. family members. c. a survival instinct. d. the sense of morality that the rest of us have.

Criminal Justice