Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. Both B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes come from stem cells in the bone marrow.
2. Clones of B cells all share the same surface antibody molecule.
3. By early adulthood, all immature B cells have been activated.
4. Memory B cells outlive plasma B cells.
5. Both T cells and B cells have antigen receptors on their cell membranes.
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE
5. TRUE
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If an injury caused damage to the insertion of the biceps brachii muscle (the anterior muscle of the upper arm), the injury would be nearest:
a. the shoulder b. the middle of the upper arm c. the elbow d. none of the above
The cell membrane is composed mainly of
A. cytosol. B. phospholipids and nucleic acids. C. water. D. phospholipids and proteins. E. proteins and glycocalyx.
Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by
A. increasing tubular renin production. B. increasing tubular permeability. C. increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for Na+. D. increasing osmosis into the tubule cells. E. decreasing tubular permeability.
The muscle weakness of myasthenia gravis results from
A) insufficient acetylcholine release from presynaptic vesicles. B) loss of acetylcholine receptors in the end-plate membrane. C) the motor neuron action potential being too small to shock the muscle fibers. D) excessive acetylcholinesterase that destroys the neurotransmitter. E) All of the answers probably contribute to the muscle weakness.