Which statement concerning the use of fear appeals is not supported by research?
a. Fear appeals may motivate change by increasing the incentive to think carefully about the arguments in themessage
b. Fear appeals are generally less effective than messages that do not provoke fear.
c. Fear appeals are most effective when they include specific information on how to avoid the threat.
d. Fear arousal may reduce the ability of already fearful message recipients to carefully process a message.
b
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At what point in the menstrual cycle, if any, are women who are NOT on birth-control pills most likely to initiate sexual activity?
a. at any point in the menstrual cycle b. just after the end of menstruation c. during the periovulatory period d. just before the next menstrual period
Who could we classify as being a binge drinker?
a. Sarah, who drank three shots of tequila in a row within the past two weeks b. Susan, who drank four beers in a row within the past two weeks c. Scott, who drank four shots of scotch in a row within the past two weeks d. Sarah, Susan, and Scott all reach the criterion for binge drinking.
Ruling out alternative theoretical explanations of results is the concern of ______ validity
a. internal b. construct c. external d. statistical
A local group formed to reduce drunk driving publishes a pledge signed by over a thousand citizens. They also help schools develop effective anti-drinking programs and work with police and local prosecutors to tighten enforcement of drunk driving laws. Which approach to community and social change does this group illustrate?
a. community readiness b. a community coalition c. social action d. an alternative setting