What is the "phantom effect" or "residual deterrence" as termed by criminologists?
A. Many arrests lead to a lower crime index in a given area.
B. People do not commit as many crimes in highly patrolled areas.
C. Most people believe the police are present even when there is no patrol in the area.
D. None of the answers is correct.
Answer: C
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Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)
1. The conflict perspective concentrates on power relationships in its explanation of crime. 2. Karl Marx and his collaborator, Friedrich Engels, wrote extensively on the topics of crime and crime causation. 3. Bonger’s concept of altruism refers to a concern only for one's own selfish interests. 4. Conflict theory invokes the concept of cognitive dissonance in order to explain crime. 5. Conflict theory shares with labeling theory the idea crime is a social construct with no intrinsic meaning.
Electronic monitoring systems have the ability to limit an offender's movements to appropriate areas.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
What does the term "macro" level refer to in criminology?
a. A theory that contains another theory inside it b. The best ideas or concepts c. The community or societal levels d. That level which dominates other levels
On any given day, an estimated ________ youth under the age of 18 are inmates in adult jails; of these, _____ are being held "as adults"
a. 7,000, 90% b. 9,000, 88% c. 12,000, 90% d. 13,500, 80%