Which dietary control measures are used in the management of diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply.)
a. Specific daily caloric requirements
b. Consistent carbohydrate diabetes meal plan
c. 50% intake of carbohydrates daily
d. Adjustments to daily meals according to age, metabolic stress, pregnancy, and advanced age and/or older adults
e. 20% intake of proteins daily
ANS: B, C, D, E
Meal planning systems are used with the diabetic patient. The consistent carbohydrate diabetes meal plan is used, with an emphasis on consistency of timing of meals and snacks. Daily meals and snacks provide 1500 to 2000 calories, with 50% of the calories from carbohydrates, 20% from protein, and 30% from fat. Individualized adjustments may be required with children, adolescents, metabolically stressed patients, pregnant women, and geriatric patients. Specific daily caloric requirement is not a primary consideration in calculating calorie requirements for a diabetic patient.
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