Which of the following is an example of indeterminate sentencing?
a. offenders know how much time they will serve behind bars at the time of sentencing
b. offenders are given a range of sentencing possibilities and serve their time in prison within that timeframe
c. offenders are retained in prison until they are reformed
d. offenders are not initially sent to prison but will be if they commit another offense
c. offenders are retained in prison until they are reformed
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Which of the following is not one of Reamer’s (1986) three grounds for policy making?
a. ideological b. contingent c. ethical d. empirical
In April, 2017, the Trump Administration launched the “Victims of Immigration Crime Engagement” hotline (VOICE) for people to call if they’ve been victimized by an illegal immigrant. Experts have noted that there is a consensus among the vast majority of researchers that immigrant populations are no more criminal than native-born populations, and some studies actually show that they are less likely to engage in criminality. Opponents of the hotline pointed out the hotline will have the effect of “scapegoating” the immigrant population. According to then Homeland Security Secretary John Kelley, what is the stated primary purpose of VOICE?
A. to assist victims of crimes committed by illegal immigrants B. to help find illegal immigrants so they can be arrested and deported C. to attempt to counter the wide body of research suggesting that no statistically significant relationship exists between immigrants and crime D. to justify policies of mass deportation of legal and illegal immigrants
Aviram (2015) traces concern about correctional costs to the financial crisis of , when the country went into recession.
a. 2002 b. 2004 c. 2006 d. 2008
_____ is a form of robbery where force is not used beyond that needed to take property from another person
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word