Compare and contrast social cognitive theory with operant conditioning in terms of how individuals acquire new behaviors and the role of internal variables (such as cognitive processes, beliefs, and emotions) in the shaping of human behavior

Question

What will be an ideal response?

Answer 1

Operant conditioning theory emphasizes that voluntary responses spontaneously emitted by a person become strengthened or weakened, depending on the consequences that follow. These consequences are technically referred to as positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers, and punishers. Behaviors that are followed by positive and negative reinforcers are more likely to be repeated under similar circumstances. Behaviors that are followed by punishing consequences are less likely to reoccur under similar circumstances. This explanation is based entirely on the observation and measurement of observable stimuli and behaviors. Social cognitive theory emphasizes that human behaviors are shaped through the reciprocal interaction of personal characteristics, behavior patterns, and environmental factors. Although social cognitive theory recognizes and includes the role of reinforcing and punishing consequences on behavior, it also includes the effects of such internal states and processes as people's beliefs, emotions, and cognitive processes.
Operant conditioning theory emphasizes that a change in an organism's behavior pattern is the only basis for concluding that learning has occurred, and that internal processes, such as thoughts and emotions, have no place in scientific psychology. Social cognitive theory, in contrast, emphasizes that internal states and processes, as well as the person's physical and social environment, influence our behavior.