Explain how breast cancer diagnosis and treatment has benefited from proteomics and genomic analyses
What will be an ideal response?
Proteomics and gene expression profiles provide information for the diagnosis and treatment of disease and are becoming a routine part of medical care. Genomic and genetic analyses have shown that breast cancer is not a single disease, but rather, a collection of diseases that share the same place in the body. Four different subtypes of breast cancer have been identified, each with distinct rates of progress and responses to therapy. Proteomic analysis has shown that each subtype has a characteristic protein signature. These proteins are biomarkers that are now used for diagnosis and the design of the most effective therapies for each subtype.
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The fact that the ratio of human male to female births is nearly 1:1 demonstrates that
A. X and Y chromosomes demonstrate independent assortment. B. X and Y chromosomes demonstrate segregation and random fertilization. C. X and Y chromosomes are homologous. D. X and Y chromosomes determine sex. E. All of these choices are correct.
During inflammation, tissue damage activates ____, which release ____
a. cytotoxic T cells; cytokines b. macrophages; histamine c. mast cells; histamine d. neutrophils; cytokines e. eosinophils; chemokines
During swallowing, the _____ covers the entrance to the larynx. This structure is identified and labeled as letter _____
in the above diagram.
a. epiglottis; E b. pharynx; B c. glottis; C d. epiglottis; C e. trachea; E
Which of the following is an organism that possesses
chaetae and nephridia and exhibits coordinated movements of circular and longitudinal muscle? a. millipede b. tapeworm c. polychaete d. hookworm e. flatworm