What are the modified stems of cacti called?
a. bulbs
b. corms
c. rhizomes
d. tubers
e. cladodes
ANSWER: e
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Suppose you wanted to investigate ideas on how polymerization of prebiotic organic molecules may have occurred on the early Earth. Which of the following scenarios might best be utilized for this?
A. Mix some RNA nucleotides in water and heat them to boiling temperatures. B. Mix some amino acids (protein building blocks) in water and add a strong acid or a strong base. C. Mix some RNA nucleotides in water and repeatedly wet and dry them on clay. D. Mix some amino acids (protein building blocks) in water and add a bacterium harmless to humans. E. Mix some amino acids in salt water and cool down to 0? C.
In flatworms, the action of ciliated __________
draws interstitial fluid into a system of tubes that delivers it to the body surface. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
The two most common types of polyploidy in humans are
A. trisomy and aneuploidy. B. triploidy and haploidy. C. triploidy and tetraploidy. D. tetraploidy and diploidy. E. haploidy and diploidy.
Use the principle of parsimony and molecular genetic data to choose a phylogenetic tree for your hypothesis of how the extant species were derived from the ancestor. 
A. Tree 1 requires the fewest mutations, making it the best choice. B. Tree 1 requires the most mutations, making it the best choice. C. Tree 2 requires the most mutations, making it the best choice. D. Both trees are equally good because sequences A, B, C, and D are the same in both. E. Tree 2 requires the fewest mutations, making it the best choice.