Which of the following bonds do not participate in the stabilization of double-stranded DNA as an energetically preferred structure compared with single-stranded DNA?
A. dipole-dipole interactions
B. pi orbital stacking
C. van der Waals interactions
D. phosphodiester bonds
E. hydrophobic base-stacking interactions
D
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The disk-diffusion test is used for
A) assessing antimicrobial activity. B) the identification of Escherichia coli. C) the identification of viral plaques. D) the detection of antigen.
When a virus has a broad host range
A. it does not require close contact to infect a new host. B. it can infect many different cell types. C. it can infect many different species. D. the species that the virus can infect are spread over a large geographic distance, potentially causing pandemics. E. it can infect many cell types or species.
Which of the following contributes most to gene flow?
a. adaptation b. mutation c. migration d. environmental variance
In vertebrates, the main function of the urinary system is to____
a. rid the body of excess water b. rid the body of unwanted solutes c. conserve excess water d. rid the body of excess water and unwanted solutes e. rid the body of solid wastes