If an isotope has a half-life of 4 million years and a fossil is 16 million years old, how much of the original isotope will be found in the fossil?

A) one-half of the original amount
B) one-quarter of the original amount
C) one-eighth of the original amount
D) one-sixteenth of the original amount


Answer: D

Biology & Microbiology

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A group is considered polyphyletic if 

A. all members of the group share a common ancestor. B. not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. C. all members share homoplastic traits. D. the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor. E. it is the most parsimonious grouping.

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Which organism possesses a three-chambered heart?

a. human b. amphibian c. arthropod d. bird e. fish

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The response to selection, R, is equal to

A) the heritability (h2) of a trait. B) the strength (S) of selection. C) the difference between h2 and S. D) S/h2. E) h2S.

Biology & Microbiology

Use your knowledge of photosynthesis and cellular respiration to explain why maintaining a healthy greenhouse is necessary for the long-term survival of the Mars Colony.

Also explain why the humans are just as crucial to the greenhouse.

Biology & Microbiology