Suppose the United States economy is represented by the following equations: Z = C + I + G C = 500 + .5YD T = 600 I = 300 YD = Y - T G = 2000 a. Given the above variables, calculate the equilibrium level of output. Hint: First specify (using the above numbers) the demand equation (Z) for this economy. Second, using the equilibrium condition, equate this expression with Y. Once you have done this,
solve for the equilibrium level of output. Using the ZZ-Y graph (i.e., a graph that includes the ZZ line and 45-degree line with Z on the vertical axis, and Y on the horizontal axis), illustrate the equilibrium level of output for this economy. b. Now, assume that consumer confidence decreases causing a reduction in autonomous consumption (c0 ) from 500 to 400. What is the new equilibrium level of output? How much does income change as a result of this event? What is the multiplier for this economy? c.
Graphically illustrate the effects of this change in autonomous consumption on the demand line (ZZ) and Y. Clearly indicate in your graph the initial and final equilibrium levels of output. d. Briefly explain why this reduction in output is greater than (in absolute terms) the initial reduction in autonomous consumption.
a. Y = 5000. The graph is easy to show.
b. Y = 4800; the multiplier is 2.
c. Graph.
d. When demand falls by 100, firms cut production by 100. As production falls by 100, income falls which causes a subsequent reduction in consumption and demand.This Y-induced fall in demand causes another reduction in production. This continues and we observe a final change in Y that exceeds the initial change in autonomous demand.
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In the circular flow model, money flows from the business sector to the household sector through the:
a. product market. b. capital market. c. goods market. d. services market. e. resource market.
On a one-dollar bill the letter in the middle of the seal indicates the
a. currency printing batch b. year of planned removal from circulation c. district bank issuing the bill d. legal reserve requirement e. type of paper used
An open economy has GDP of $1,000 billion, consumption of $650 billion, government expenditures of $150 billion, and domestic investment of $40 billion. What is its demand for loanable funds?
a. $40 billion b. $120 billion c. $160 billion d. $200 billion