What did Julian Rotter view as the major determinant of differences in levels of locus of control?
a) heredity
b) levels of self-actualization
c) expectancies and genetic factors
d) learning history and expectancies about behavior
D
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Pamela experiences frequent unexpected panic attacks. A treatment that could help her to reduce her fear of bodily sensations that seem to trigger her panic attacks would be
a. situational exposure. b. interoceptive exposure. c. flooding. d. deep breathing.
How does job burnout differ from discouragement? a. Job burnout can be relieved by a salary increase. b. Job burnout is less intense
c. Job burnout lasts longer. d. Job burnout has a more sudden onset.
The studies of egocentrism and visual perspective taking by Flavell and by Moll and colleagues revealed that contrary to Piaget's data from the three-mountain problem, children __________.
A. as young as 3 understand perspective confronting-how an object looks to another person when the child is presented a conflicting view of the object (e.g., an object that looks green to the child and blue to another person) B. as young as 3 develop level 2 perspective taking, which means they understand that two people may see the same things differently (e.g., a picture sitting on the table between the child and another person might look upside down to the other person) C. do not develop level 1 perspective taking until age 4, which means they understand that other people may not see the same things they see (e.g., an object the child can see might be blocked or obscured for a viewer at another angle) D. understand level 1 and level 2 perspective taking as well as a third skill, perspective confronting, by about age 4½
The knowledge that one is receiving treatment can result in improvement of the condition that occurs above and beyond the actual treatment itself. What is the name given to this phenomenon?
A. Natural improvement B. The placebo effect C. Self-fulfilling prophecy D. Memory reconstruction E. Nonresistance