Imagine that you are conducting experiments and you have a cell line that responds to an external hormonal signal by entering the apoptotic pathway. How would these cells respond to this hormonal signal if you could instantly and completely inactivate the Bcl-2 protein?
a) none of the choices is correct
b) Since Bcl-2 normally protects cells from apoptosis, loss of this protein would prevent apoptosis.
c) Since Bcl-2 normally promotes apoptosis, loss of this protein would prevent apoptosis.
d) Since Bcl-2 normally protects cells from apoptosis, loss of this protein would cause these cells to go through apoptosis.
Ans: d) Since Bcl-2 normally protects cells from apoptosis, loss of this protein would cause these cells to go through apoptosis.
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Some present-day bacteria use a system of anaerobic respiration characterized by an electron transport chain analogous to that found in aerobic organisms. Which of the following correctly characterizes the anaerobic electron transport chain?
A. It uses oxygen as a final electron acceptor. B. It is embedded in the outer mitochondrial membrane rather than the inner mitochondrial membrane. C. It establishes a proton gradient between the cytoplasm and the extracellular fluid. D. It establishes a proton gradient between the intermembrane space and the cytoplasm. E. None of these answer options accurately characterizes the anaerobic electron transport chain.
Answer the following statements true (T) or false (F)
1. All plant cells contain centrioles. 2. The presence of a cell wall and chloroplasts are two features that distinguish a plant cell from an animal cell. 3. The genome rather than proteome most specifically determines how a cell looks and functions. 4. The glycocalyx is a protective coating that prevents bacteria from dehydration and potential destruction by the host organism.
According to Darwin, natural selection is based on the ____ found in populations
a. acquired characters b. variations c. weakest members d. noncompetitors e. similarities
Respond to statements 94 – 98 with reference to the types of
connective tissue listed below. a. loose tissue b. dense tissue c. adipose d. cartilage e. blood E 94. Tendons are composed of this. E 95. The elasticity of skin is due to the presence of this kind of tissue. M 96. This tissue plays an important role in stabilizing body temperature. E 97. This tissue provides nourishment to each of the other connective tissues. M 98. This tissue plays a particularly important role in the thermoregulation of many marine mammals.