A female athlete has been diagnosed with amenorrhea due to intense training for a spot on the Olympic swimming team. As a health care provider, which of the following should be implemented to prevent premature osteoporosis?
A) Encourage a minimum of 10 hours of sleep/night.
B) Increase dietary intake of protein and iron.
C) Calcium/vitamin D supplements to support BMD.
D) Watch sodium intake and eat a carb-consistent diet with lots of fruits.
Ans: C
Feedback:
The female athlete triad, a pattern of disordered eating that leads to amenorrhea and eventually premature osteoporosis, is being seen increasingly in female athletes because of an increased prevalence of eating disorders. Poor nutrition, combined with intense exercise training, can lead to decrease in the critical body fat–to–muscle ratio needed for normal menses and estrogen production by the ovary. The lack of estrogen combined with the lack of calcium and vitamin D from dietary deficiencies results in a loss of bone density and increased risk of fractures. Older athletes are at high risk for osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disorder that is unrelated loss of bone density.
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