When a computer system failure occurs, it is important to be able to reconstruct the file system quickly and accurately. Suppose a file system allows complex arrangements of pointers and interdirectory references. What measures might the file system designer take to ensure the reliability and integrity of such a system?
What will be an ideal response?
Pointers are a powerful means of creating arbitrary data structures. But if a single
pointer is lost, then the entire data structure may be unrecoverable. Fault-tolerant systems
often use redundant sets of pointers to ensure that if one pointer is lost, the data structure is
not likely to be damaged.These sets of pointers may be stored in widely separated areas of a
disk, or on separate disks.The system may also use transaction-based techniques such as logging
and shadow paging.The trade-off is execution efficiency versus reliability and integrity.
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After the following program is finished, how many bytes are written to the file t.dat?
``` import java.io.*; public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { DataOutputStream output = new DataOutputStream( new FileOutputStream("t.dat")); output.writeChar('A'); output.close(); } }``` a. 2 bytes. b. 4 bytes. c. 8 bytes. d. none of the above.
A(n) ____ implementation prevents routing update information received on one physical interface from being rebroadcast to other devices through that same physical interface.
A. PVC B. keepalive C. SDLC D. split horizon
Excel templates make creating a professional looking spreadsheet easier by including all of the following EXCEPT ____ in the template.
A. formulas B. formatting C. labels D. data
_____ is essential for any process that involves the handling of financial transactions so that fraud requires the collusion of two or more parties.
a. Separation of duties b. Separation of process c. Separation of hierarchy d. Separation of analysis