Racker and Stoeckenius used synthetic phospholipid membrane vesicles that contained a light-activated protein pump
and ATP synthase to test Mitchell's chemiosmotic hypothesis. What was the conclusion of this experiment?
a. Phospholipid membrane vesicles require a proton gradient to maintain integrity.
b. ATP synthase is powered by the proton-motive force.
c. ATP synthase can generate a proton gradient.
d. Light-activated proton pumps can generate a proton gradient.
e. Light-activated proton pumps interact with ATP synthase to modulate its activity.
ANSWER: b
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In pea plants, yellow seed color is dominant to green, and wrinkled seed texture is dominant to smooth. In a dihybrid
cross between two heterozygous plants with yellow, round seeds, if the two alleles assort independently, what is/are the predicted phenotypic ratio(s) of the offspring?
a. all are yellow and round b. 8 yellow and round: 8 green and wrinkled c. 9 green and wrinkled: 4 yellow and round: 3 green and round d. 9 green and round: 3 yellow and round: 3 yellow and wrinkled: 1 green and wrinkled e. 9 yellow and round: 3 green and round: 3 yellow and wrinkled: 1 green and wrinkled
In a survivorship curve, a type III species, like most insects and plants, is a species that has
A. a strong possibility of becoming extinct in a relatively short period of time. B. an equal probability of dying at any age. C. an extremely long life span. D. the highest probability of dying at a very young age. E. the highest probability of dying as it reaches its maximum life span.
Gregor Mendel performed his famous experiments on:
a) pigeons. b) hawkweed. c) humans. d) punnett squares. e) garden peas.
The population of microorganisms in the large intestine is composed mostly of
a) aerobes and anaerobes. b) anaerobes and facultative anaerobes. c) aerobes and facultative anaerobes. d) aerotolerant anaerobes.